Lesotho was originally known as Basutoland. Although the country's history stretches back millions of years, as a state, it is quite young. The state emerged between 1815 and 1829, when its founder, King Moshoeshoe I, gathered the remnants of tribes scattered by regional wars and established a stronghold on Thaba-Bosiu Mountain. Basutoland was subsequently established as a native state under British protection in 1843. In 1965, the country sought independence from Britain, and on October 4, 1966, Basutoland became the Kingdom of Lesotho.
Lesotho has a population of approximately 2 million, 99% of whom are ethnically Basotho. Other ethnic groups in the country originate from Europe and Asia. Sesotho and English are the country's two official languages and are spoken nationwide. Christianity is the dominant religion, comprising Catholics, members of the Lesotho Evangelical Church, and Anglicans; however, some indigenous religious practices also exist.